The last one month has witnessed student unrest on a scale not seen in a decade. The latest in this tragic chain reaction is the wanton destruction of school property by boys from Itierio High School in Kisii County. It came hot on the heels of unrest across the country.
Student unrest has been a thorn in the flesh of our education sector for the last 100 years, with the first recorded incident involving boys from Maseno School in 1908. We have witnessed unspeakable acts of violence and loss of life, with Kyanguli, St Kizito, Upper Hill School and Nyeri High School still fresh in our collective memories.
This is therefore an old problem, manifest in new ways, because it involves a new generation of adolescents. This generation has been raised in the era of expanded rights, working-class parents, television and internet and increased opportunities for education.
Parents, voluntarily or involuntarily have increasingly opted for permissive and gratifactory upbringing. Paradoxically, the high school environment has not changed, having been inherited from a colonial system- whose mantra was repression of the colonised and unidirectional flow of ideas and commands.
Like the Biblical new wine in old skins, teachers find themselves outwitted and at odds with a digital generation of children. The training of teachers remains fixated on the on the colonial ideology of authoritarianism.
Whenever there has been an epidemic of strikes, the ministry has come up with symptomatic treatment. Hence the banning of mock examinations, ranking in high schools, motivational talks, prayers in third term and other stop-gap measures which don’t actually address the core issues. Numerous task forces have been formed in the aftermath of these incidences, but the implementation of their recommendations remains to be seen.
What makes young boys and girls in their teens, run amok and burn their dormitories, kill each other or destroy their school? In Itierio High School, the explanation was that boys were barred from watching a Euro football match. A similar explanation was proffered in Mpeketoni, Lamu County.
These must be dismissed as mere red herrings, which are symptomatic of a deeper issue. The truth is that the mechanism underlying these strikes is much more complex than a Euro game.
We ought to begin by asking; who are we dealing with? We are dealing with evolving personalities. This evolution started at childhood, and teachers are just a cog in the chain of forming this personality. Most of these youths were carted off to school at two or three years of age, where they have been subjected to long hours of reading and writing. At seven or eight years, some of them are sent to boarding school.
Their free time is spent in front of television, watching cartoons and other programmes. Most childhood TV programs focus on ‘superman’, ‘superhero’, ‘spooky-man’ characters. Their minds appreciate the value of being heroic through violence. Of course, they will score good grades to continue into high school. By this time, they are experiencing monumental changes in their bodies, which predispose them to rash decisions, disdain for authority and attraction for forbidden things.
The worst assumption is that students go to high school to collect good grades for university. On the contrary, the real essence of education is to make students better, holistic members of the society. It is to enable them grow, become sociable, patriotic, wise, resolute and have an eye for opportunities in life. The glossy paper with grades at the end of the course is just one plank- which has been glorified, to the detriment of our students.
The question is; who should train them? Is the trainer versed with these objectives? A look at the learning schedules for most schools sounds like a military or prison camp. Students have classes all day, in the evenings and weekends, and remedial classes during lunch time for weak students.
It is a business of delivering the A grade, using all means necessary.
Add this to the form of governance espoused by many schools, inherited from the colonial authoritarian model. The principal knows everything, and he will not consult teachers except for academic goals. Students are not involved in planning of their lives and objectives in school. School in most cases serves as a cell, not a family where decisions can be made by everybody, or where opinions are aired.
With the abolition of caning, the tyrant master was dispossessed of his charm, and must use threats and intimidation to achieve his means. The sanctity of status quo is being challenged each day.
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Chapisha Maoni